PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION 
SECTION A 
【听力原文】 

British Educational System

    Today I’ll talk about the British educational system, including the primary and secondary education and the higher education in Britain. 
    First, Ill briefly introduce the primary and secondary education in Britain. In England and Wales, （1）students study in primary school from age five until eleven. They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General Certificate of Secondary Education （GCSE） exams. After passing the GCSE exams, students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level exams， called “A levels”. （2）At eighteen， they enter higher education to focus on a particular subject called a “course”. 
    Now lets move on to the higher education in Britain. First, Ill talk about the general practices in England and Wales, and then the general practices in Scotland. 
    In England and Wales, prospective university students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on Admissions （UCCA）. Students do not apply directly to the universities themselves. （3）Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree “course”. A degree course normally takes three or four years to complete. At most universities students study only one major subject. Each course is structured with a fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly, （4）universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular basis， which allows students to broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program. 
    （5）At a British university， more emphasis is placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States. （6）Classes often take the following forms: lectures， which are sometimes completely optional； tutorials， in which a small number of students meet with the lecturer； and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar essays. 
    （7）In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary level options available for students，the most important of which are the colleges of further education， the central institutions， teachers colleges and the universities. （8）The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education， and enroll more students than all other tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the Higher National Diploma （HND）， bachelors degrees and some specialized masters degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and tend to offer a narrower range of subjects than the universities. （9）Many have close ties to local businesses， offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training. 
    Scottish universities are quite distinct from their British counterparts. （10）In fact, they more closely resemble European or American universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree （BA Hons）. Students are rarely admitted directly to a degree “course”. Usually they are admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish university students begin with a broad-based program during the first year and choose a specialization after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This is a broad-based degree that does not represent a “failed” Honors degree. 
    With this, were coming to the end of todays lecture. Next time, well talk about university degrees. 
【精解精析】 
1.five 
【定位】...students study in primary school from age five until eleven.（第二段第二句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，学生在5岁是开始上小学，故填five。 
2.higher education 
【定位】At eighteen， they enter higher education to focus on a particular subject called a “course”.（第二段最后一句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，在18岁时，他们开始接受高等教育，着重于一个称为课程的具体的特殊学科，故填higher education。 
3.Degree courses 
【定位】Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree “course”.（第四段第三句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，成功的候选人直接加入一个具体的学位课程的学习中。同时，需要注意的是所填词位于句首，应注意大小写，故填Degree courses。 
4.modular 
【定位】...universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular basis，which allows students to broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program.（第四段最后一句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，英国的大学在模块的基础上提供教学，这会使学生们扩展他们的学习，创造一个跨学科的项目，故填modular。 
5.independent and self-directed 
【定位】At a British university，more emphasis is placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States.（第五段第一句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，英国大学比美国大学更加强调独立自主的学习，故填independent and self-directed。 
6.lectures 
【定位】Classes often take the following forms； lectures，which are sometimes completely optional...（第五段第二句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，授课采取以下授课方式:讲座，这种讲座有时是完全可供学生选择的，故填lectures。 
7.available 
【定位】In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary level options available for students，the most important of which are the colleges of further education，the central institutions，teachers colleges and the universities.（第六段第一句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，在苏格兰，有多种可供学生多项选择，其中最重要的是继续教育，中央机构，高校教师和大学的学院，故填available。 
8.technical 
【定位】The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education，and enroll more students than all other tertiary institutions combined.（第六段第二句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，进一步教育学院提供职业技术教育，并招收比其他所有大专院校更多的学生相结合，故填technical。 
9.local businesses 
【定位】Many have close ties to local businesses，offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training.（第六段最后一句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，许多人密切联系当地企业，提供协同工作经历，为学生提供一个时期的实践培训，故填local businesses。 
10.Honors degree 
【定位】In fact, they more closely resemble European or American universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree （BA Hons）.（第七段第二、三句） 
【解析】根据定位句可知，事实上，他们更接近欧洲或美国的大学。标准的苏格兰大学学位是一个为期四年的荣誉学位（荣誉学士）。同时，需要注意的是所填词位于句首，应注意大小写，故填Honors degree。 
【闪光词汇】

Higher education  高等教育    
prospective  adj.预期的    
seminar essays  研讨会论文集   
candidate n.候选人          
cooperative adj.合作的      
broad-based adj.无限的

SECTION B 
Conversation One 
【听力原文】 
W: Im very curious about this: are there foods that do actually have happy chemicals? 
M: Oh, absolutely. You know, （1）how we feel, how we cope with stress, how we think, how clearly we think, are all directly affected by the foods that we eat. 
W: We actually went out to ask people what foods they ate in order to make themselves happy. And many people take chocolate as their happy food, while some may prefer pizza. 
M: I prefer the latter. Pizza would be my happy food.But those arent the foods that actually make you happy. There are foods that really directly affect our brain with certain chemicals. So fish is really a big happy food.It contains proteins which are very good to our brains. （2）Crunchy foods, like popcorn, are fabulous for making us happy. 
W: Why? 
M: The actual chewing mechanism can raise the happy level in the brain. So combining all these together, creating wonderful combinations of fish tacos or...potatoes with chili on top of it. Those are great combinations. 
W: OK, I guess you must have a happy dinner, right? 
M: Yeah, yeah. 
W: OK, lets talk about food that you do tend to eat when youre stressed. 
M: When Im stressed, I eat anything salty. Popcorn—things like that—a pie， a chocolate. And I usually go over some kind of drink. 
W: OK, drink, thats a good solution. Well, what are the real stress busters? 
M: （3）Well, healthy fats, believe it or not. They are great for coping with stress. Wonderful. So, avocados, nuts, seeds. 
W: Thats why Im having avocados when Im stressed out. 
M: Yes, great stress buster. Peanuts, peanut butter, and again, dairy foods are great. （4）They help reduce stress, and decrease anxiety and anger. So again, combinations, getting protein, lean beef, turkey...Make yourself turkey sandwich, and...Yes, absolutely. 
W: OK, our final mood here is being energetic. How to be energetic? 
M: The fluids are really critical. So water, of course.（5）Theres nothing more important for your being energetic than keeping yourself drinking plenty of water. But there are other things, eggs and soy. Egg yolk and soy are a fast food lipid. So they actually create channels to allow nutritions into the brain and toxins out. And so they are so important in your diet every day. And of course, everyone loves chocolate, and we can also have coffee, tea, a little bit of caffeine. 
W: It is a stimulant, right? 
M: Yeah, its a pick-me-up in the morning. Its great before exercise. You dont want too much, because it can make you feel lousy rather than better. 
1.According to the conversation, which of the following is NOT affected by the food we eat? 
2.According to the man, which of the following food can directly make us happy? 
3.Whats the function of healthy fat? 
4.What kind of food combinations is suggested as the most effective to decrease stress? 
5.Whats the most important for being energetic? 
【精解精析】 
1.B【解析】题目问:下列哪一项不影响我们所吃的食物？由句（1）可知，对话中提到“how we feel, how we cope with stress, how we think, how clearly we think, are all directly affected by the foods that we eat”,但未提到食物是否会影响我们的睡眠质量，故选B。 
2.D【解析】题目问:根据男士的对话，下列哪一种食物能直接使我们开心？由句（2）可知,对话中提到“Crunchy foods, like popcorn, are fabulous for making us happy”可见爆米花可以使我们心情愉悦，故选D。 
3.D【解析】题目问:健康油脂的作用是什么呢？由句（3）可知,对话中提到“Well, healthy fats, believe it or not. They are great for coping with stress”，可见健康脂肪对缓解压力很有帮助，故选D。 
4.A【解析】题目问:哪一种食物是最有效减压的食物呢？由句（4）可知,对话中列举了多种食物，其中提到“Make yourself a turkey sandwich”,可以推断出最有效的减压食物是火鸡三明治，故选A。 
5.A【解析】题目问:保持精力充沛最重要的方法是？由句（5）可知,对话中提到“Theres nothing more important for your being energetic than keeping yourself drinking plenty of water”，可以推断出保持精力充沛最重要的方法是补水，故选A。 
【闪光词汇】

fabulous adj.极好的   
chemicals  n.化学药品   
combination n.结合，组合 
mechanism n.机制 
buster n.庞然大物；小鬼；非凡的人或物 
nutrition n.营养

Conversation Two 
【听力原文】 
W: Today Id like to welcome Sean Smith, who is going to talk to us about the normal and sound development of self with adopted child. Hello， Sean. 
M: Hello. 
W: Now Sean, what do you think is the most important factor affecting a child during his normal development of self? 
M: Well, （6）actually several factors may work together to cultivate the self. Among them，a childs relationship with his mother is ranking on the top of the list， which we may also call， maternal attachment. 
W: All right, then. What are the other factors required to help children realize a sound development of self? Does environment play any role in it? 
M: Certainly, affectionate， caring parents are essential as well. As the child begins to develop his sense of self， he must master certain developmental tasks that are part of growing up. 
W: “Developmental tasks”？ Could you present us some concrete examples of such tasks? 
M: （7）Developmental tasks may take different forms， such as acquisition of language and toilet training. Anything that interrupts the development of these important skills may interfere with developing a healthy self-concept. 
W: But what about a child who is older when he is adopted? What effect does adoption have on a toddler? 
M: Even if a toddler has been in one foster home since birth and has therefore attached　himself　to　his　foster mother， he will likely experience a series of reactions when separated from this caregiver—protest, despair, and detachment—unless his experience is monitored to help him handle the change. Consider a toddler adopted at the age of 18 months who has lived in the same foster home since birth. When he is placed with an adoptive family, （8）he is likely to experience separation anxiety from his foster mother， who can be regarded as symbolically abandoning him as his own biological mother did. 
W: Its sure to say his transition to living an adoptive home may be difficult, isnt it? 
M: Yes， he is past the crucial age of 7 to 12 months. 
W: Why do you call this period the crucial age? 
M: This period is crucial because at this time an infant may sustain the most severe damage to his mental and physical development if deprived of mothering by one significant individual. 
W: Then it is essential that （9）the adoptive family offer as much affection and security as possible to reassure the child that he is safe， that they are reliable sources of loving care， and that they will help him through this difficult stage. 
M: One thing we need to note is sometime a child may continue to suffer from separation anxiety in spite of these actions. Although he may not mind the actual separation from his mother when he goes to play school or day care，（10）he may become obsessed about the time when his mother is supposed to pick him up at day care or kindergarten； tardiness may provoke fears about car accidents or death. 
W: An adopted child， then， has at least an average chance of successful individuation, assuming he is adopted by loving parents. Thank you， Sean. Thanks for talking with us. 
M: My pleasure. 
6.What do we know about a childs relationship with his mother? 
7.What problem may adopted children have? 
8.What do we know about adopted children according to the interview? 
9.Which of the following is INCORRECT about the negative effects of adoption? 
10.What do we know about a child suffering from separation anxiety? 
【精解精析】 
6.C【解析】题目问:对于孩子与母亲的关系，我们知道些什么？由句（6）可知，实际上几个因素可能共同发展，其中，孩子与母亲的关系的依恋性居于排名之首，我们也可以称为，母性依附，故选C。 
7.B【解析】题目问:领养的孩子可能有什么问题？由句（7）可知，发展性的任务也会采取不同的形式，例如语言的获得和卫生间训练，故选B。 
8.A【解析】题目问:通过采访，对于领养的孩子，我们知道些什么？由句（8）可知，他很可能会因为把他的养母当成了自己的亲生母亲，由于养母的象征性地放弃而导致他经历分离焦虑，故选A。 
9.D【解析】题目问:下列关于领养的消极影响哪一项是不正确的？由句（9）可知，领养家庭提供尽可能多的感情和安全感，尽可能安抚他是一个安全的孩子，他们是被关爱，这些将会帮助他度过这段困难的阶段，故选D。 
10.A【解析】题目问:对于受苦于分离忧虑的孩子，我们知道些什么？由句（10）可知，他可能会痴迷并执着于他的母亲去托儿所或幼稚园接他，而迟到可能会引起有关车祸和死亡的恐惧，故选A。 
【闪光词汇】

master v.掌管    
developmental adj.发展的     
transition n.过渡，转变     
crucial  adj.重要的      
deprive v.剥夺          
individuation n.个性化